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1 features ? 16 tracks (up to 64 voices) 4-bit adpcm, 8-/16-bit pcm, midi format up to 256 mbits of external memory 8 khz to 48 khz sampling rate reverb, chorus, eq, 3d 2-/4-speaker output flash download capability rs-232 serial interface 144-lead tqfp package evaluation board and development tools description the SAM9723 is a powerful sound processor that plays 16 tracks simultaneously. each track can play either a pcm/adpcm sample or a musical sequence (midi) per- formed in real time by the dsp. the formats pcm/adpcm/midi provide the best compression ratio for mixed musical and speech applications. the effect unit (eq, reverb, chorus, 3d) adds realism and depth to the sound. thanks to the high-level integration (built-in dsp, processor and ram), the SAM9723 requires only two external components (dac and rom/flash) for a complete hard- ware configuration. quick time-to-market is ensured by the easy control protocol for host and the development tools (software and evaluation board). a typical application is gaming equipment. figure 1. SAM9723 block diagram figure 2. typical hardware configuration misc (osc pll reset test) dsp p uart ram mmu uart rom/flash dac SAM9723 flash/rom (256 mb) dac host p adpcm & midi player SAM9723 rev. 1713a ? 03/01
SAM9723 2 pin description pins by function note: 1. like all high-speed hcmos ics, proper decoupling is mandatory for reliable operation and rfi reduction. the recom- mended decoupling is 100 nf at each corner of the ic with an additional 10 ft bulk capacitor close to the x1, x2 pins. table 1. power supply pins pin name type function gnd pwr digital ground all pins should be connected to a ground plane. vcc (1) pwr power supply, 5v 10% all pins should be connected to a vcc plane. vc3 pwr core power, 3.3v nominal (3.3v 10%). all vc3 pins should be returned to 3.3v. table 2. serial midi pins pin name type function midiin in serial midi in midiout out serial midi out table 3. external pcm ram/rom/io pins pin name type function wa[23:0] out external memory i/o address up to 16m x 16 for direct rom/ram connection wd[15:0] i/o external memory i/o data data is read (input) when rd is low, written (output) when wr is low. rd out external rom/ram/peripheral read wr out external ram/peripheral write cs0 - cs1 out programmable chip select can be configured to handle several roms or mixed ram/rom/flash. xio0 - xio1 out external peripheral chip select each peripheral maps into 4k bytes of address space for optional further decoding.
SAM9723 3 note: the SAM9723 connects to a variety of stereo dacs or codecs from 16 to 20 bits with japanese or i2s format. this includes ad1857jrs, pcm1718, pcm3001, tda1305, tda1543, tda1545 and tda1311. when japanese format is used, only 16-bit format is supported without external circuitry. table 4. digital audio group pin name type function daclk out master clock for s/delta dac (256 x fs) dabd[1:0] out serial data for two stereo output channels daad in serial data for one stereo input channel clbd out digital audio bit clock wsbd out digital audio left/right select table 5. miscellaneous group pins pin name type function gpio[4:0] i/o these pins can be individually used as general-purpose i/os. debug in configuration pin low for codeview debugging. should be tied to v cc for normal operation. reset in reset input active low. this is a schmitt trigger input, allowing direct connection of an rc network. run out indicates that the dsp is up and running. can be used as external dac reset. pdwn in power-down active low. when power-down is active, all output pins will be floating except gpio1. the crystal oscillator will be stopped. to exit from power-down mode, pdwn should be high and reset applied. x1 - x2 in 11.2896 mhz (nominal) crystal connection an external clock can also be used at x1. test[1:0] in test pins should be grounded. lft ? pll external rc network
SAM9723 4 pinout figure 3. SAM9723 in 144-lead pqfp package gnd gnd gnd gnd vcc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc nc gnd vcc wd15 wd14 wd13 wd12 vc3 gnd wd11 wd10 wd9 wd8 wd7 wd6 vcc gnd wd5 wd4 wd3 wd2 gpio0 vcc vcc gnd gnd gnd gnd vcc lft x2 x1 gnd vc3 midiou t midiin daclk dabd1 vcc gnd dabd0 daad wsbd clbd debug pdwn reset test3 test2 test1 test0 vcc gnd wa0 wa1 wa2 wa3 wd1 wd0 rd wr vcc gnd cs1 cs0 xio1 xio0 wa23 wa22 wa21 wa20 vcc gnd wa19 wa18 vc3 gnd wa17 wa16 wa15 wa14 wa13 wa12 wa11 wa10 gnd vcc wa9 wa8 wa7 wa6 wa5 wa4 gnd gnd gnd gnd gnd vcc gnd gnd gnd gnd nc nc nc nc gnd vc3 nc nc vcc gnd nc nc nc nc nc nc run nc nc nc gpio4 gpio3 gpio2 vcc gnd gpio1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 108 107 106 105 104 103 102 101 100 99 98 97 96 95 94 93 92 91 90 89 88 87 86 85 84 83 82 81 80 79 78 77 76 75 74 73 144 143 142 141 140 139 138 137 136 135 134 133 132 131 130 129 128 127 126 125 124 123 122 121 120 119 118 117 116 115 114 113 112 111 110 109 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 66 67 68 69 70 71 72
SAM9723 5 functional description musical instrument digital interface (midi) midi defines the standard used by all electronic instru- ments. midi specifies: a hardware interface (uart operating at 31.25k baud) the format of the data exchanged (the 9753 midi adpcm uses a more simplified and compact format inspired by the midi) a list of 128 instruments (g for general midi) that ensures that any midi sequence will sound the same on any midi synthesizer. to ? sound the same ? means that the guitar track will play the nylon guitar and not the muted trumpet. nonetheless, each synthesizer has its own nylon guitar sound. a format for musical sequence: standard midi files, where *.mid is the extension for files on the pc. the sam9753 sequences are developed as standard midi files and compressed to save space on rom/flash. adpcm and midi overview from the user ? s point of view, the dsp provides 16 tracks that can be assumed to be 16 individual players. for each track, the user selects the program (data in adpcm4, pcm8, pcm16 or midi sequence), plays, pauses or stops the track. the user can also set the volume, the pan and the reverb amount. each voice reads the data from the external rom or flash (up to 32 mbits) in either 4-bit adpcm, 8-bit pcm or 16-bit pcm formats. the nominal frequency of the output dac is 44.1 khz. the pcm data can be stored in any sampling rate from 8 khz to 48 khz. the playback algorithm per- forms linear interpolation to adjust the sampling rate to 44.1 khz. the source samples for adpcm data can range from 8 khz to 48 khz. adpcm data are converted and stored in memory at a 22.05 khz sampling rate. each track plays a sample among 6 (bank) 128 (program). banks 0 to 3 include adpcm programs; banks 4 and 5 include midi sequences. the data stored in the external rom/flash includes: program list adpcm programs: parameter (type, size, loop, default volume and pan) and data sound bank for midi program (parameter and pcm data) midi sequence (compressed midi files) the host processor controls the voices using a compact and efficient protocol to select the bank or program, modify the parameters, play and stop. adpcm or midi tracks are controlled in the same way. polyphony polyphony is the number of notes that can be played simul- taneously. the basic unit that uses polyphony is the ? voice ? . the built-in dsp in the SAM9723 can play 64 voices. maximum polyphony for a midi player without neg- ative effects is 64. the adpcm4/pcm8/pcm16 track player works like a basic generator (e.g., a cd player). each track plays only one note (adpcm or pcm stream). the midi track player is more complex in that it is a sequencer that controls many basic generators. the basic generator requires one or two voices, depending on whether the format is midi or adpcm/pcm. 64 voices are shared by the track players and the effect unit. table 6. units and voices unit voices adpcm/pcm player 2 midi player 1 per midi note 2 per adpcm note reverb 13 chorus 3 3d spatializer 2 2-band eq 4 4-band eq 8
SAM9723 6 dsp mixer and effect unit the 16-track players are connected to a 16/4 mixer (16 mono inputs, 2 stereo outputs). each mono input provides the following control: volume pan output select (front or rear) reverb send chorus send the reverb unit and the chorus unit stereo outputs are down-mixed into the front and the rear buses. the spatial- izer enhances the stereo image on the front or rear bus. the stereo equalizer processes the front bus. host interface the host microprocessor is connected to the SAM9723 with a single wire serial link rxd. the uart interface operates at 57.6k baud, start bit (0), 8-bit data (lsb first) and a stop bit (1). the host sends 7-bit commands (msb = 1) or 7-bit data (msb = 0). all messages include one command followed by 0-to-2 data items. figure 4. effect unit block diagram table 7. polyphony examples configuration player voices polyphony adpcm/pcm player + full effect 38 16 (max. track) midi player + full effect 38 38 15 adpcm players + midi player + reverb, chorus 48 15 adpcms, 18 midis 2 adpcm players + midi player (1 note adpcm + other note midi) + reverb, chorus, 2-band eq 44 2 adpcms, 39 midis (1-note adpcm + 38-note midi) reverb player adpcm / pcm / midi chorus 3d eq vol reverb & chorus pan front reverb rear chorus front & rear buses are stereo. reverb & chorus buses are mono. front rear
SAM9723 7 note: data for flash programming: all data items are 8 bits long (no more msb = 0). - 4-byte address (32-bit address, low byte first) - 2-byte count (16-bit count, low byte first). maximum block size is 64k. - 2n bytes of data (low byte first) - 2-byte checksum (low byte first). an invalid checksum can be checked with the f9 command (hardware test). table 8. command format 7654 3 210 hex data comment 1000 v vvv 80 - 8f plays voice vvvv 1001 v vvv 90 - 9f stops voice vvvv 1010 v vvv a0 - af program number selects voice program (0 to 7fh) 1011 v vvv b0 - af bank numberselects voice bank (0 to 5) 1100 v vvv c0 - cf volume sets voice volume (0 to 7fh) 1101 v vvv d0 - df pan sets voice pan (0 le ft, 40h center, 7fh right) 1110 v vvv e0 - ef ctrl number + data extends voice control (see table 9) 1111 0 xxx f0 - f7 ctrl number + data effects control (see table 10) 1111 1 001 f9 tests hardware (generates a sine wave when test ok) 1111 1 010 fa (see note)flash programming 1111 1 011 fb volume master volume (0 to 7fh) 1111 1 100 fc pauses all voices 1111 1 101 fd resumes all voices 1111 1 110 fe stops all voices 1111 1 111 ff reset (stops all voices & resets all parameters) table 9. voice control number 76543210 hex data comment 00000000 00 pauses voice 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01 resumes voice from pause 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 02 loop on (loop from end to start) 00000011 03 loop off 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 04 output to front speakers (default) 00000101 05 output to rear speakers 00000110 06 volume ? send to chorus ? volume (0 to 7fh) 00000111 07 volume ? send to reverb ? volume (0 to 7fh)
SAM9723 8 notes: 1. all effects can be removed using x0h control. removing effects frees voices for polyphony. 2. eq level range from -12 db to +12 db: 0 = -12 db, 40h = 0 db, 7fh = +12 db. these parameters are optional. they are automatically set by the preset. 3. these parameters are optional. they are automatically set by the preset. table 10. effects control number 76543210 hex data comment notes 00000000 00 remove eq 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 01 preset number eq preset (0 to 7) 00000110 02 level bass level 2 00000111 03 level med-low band level 2 00000110 04 level med-high band level 2 00000110 05 level treble level 2 00010000 10 remove chorus 1 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 11 preset number chorus preset (0 to 7) 00010010 12 volume chorus front volume 3 00010011 13 volume chorus rear volume 3 00010100 14 delay chorus delay 3 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 15 feedback chorus feedback 3 00010110 16 rate chorus rate 3 00010111 17 depth chorus depth 3 00100000 20 remove reverb 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 21 preset number reverb preset (0 to 7) 00100010 22 volume reverb front volume 3 00100011 23 volume reverb rear volume 3 00100100 24 time reverb time 3 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 1 25 feedback reverb feedback 3 00110000 30 remove spatializer 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 31 preset number spatializer preset (0 to 7) 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 32 volume spatializer volume 3 00110011 33 delay spatializer delay 3
SAM9723 9 absolute maximum ratings dc characteristics note: 1. crystal frequency = 11.2896 mhz table 11. absolute maximum ratings symbol parameter/condition min typ max unit v cc supply voltage -0.5 6.5 v v c3 supply voltage -0.5 4.5 v voltage on all inputs (except x1) -0.5 v cc + 0.5 v x1 voltage on x1 pin v c3 + 0.5 v t a operating temperature -40 85 c storage temperature -65 150 c i ol per i/o pin 10 ma table 12. dc characteristics (0 c t a 70 c; v cc = +5v 0.5v, v c3 = +3.3v 0.3v symbol parameter/condition v cc min typ max unit v cc supply voltage (i/o) 3 4.5 3.3 5 3.6 5.5 v v v c3 supply voltage (core) 3 3.3 3.6 v v ih input high-level voltage 3.3 5 2.3 3.3 v cc + 0.5 v cc + 0.5 v v v il input low-level voltage 3.3 5 -0.5 -0.5 1.0 1.7 v v v oh output high-level voltage (i oh = -0.8 ma) 3.3 5 2.8 4.5 v v v ol output low-level voltage (i ol = 3.2 ma) 3.3 5 0.45 0.45 v v i cc power supply current (1) 3.3 5 45 20 60 30 ma ma ? power-down supply current 100 150 a
SAM9723 10 external rom/ram/io figure 5. external rom/ram/io read/write cycle table 13. timing parameters symbol parameter min typ max unit t csdv access time from csx low ns t rwdv access time from rd , wr low ns t avdv access time from address valid ns t rw rd , wr pulse width ns t rwhcsh csx high from rising rd or wr ns t rwhadx address valid after rising rd or wr ns t rwdx data hold time from rising rd or wr ns cs0 cs1 t csdv t rwhcsh t rw t rwdv t rwdx t avdv t rwhadx d0 - d15 a0 - a23 rd wr
SAM9723 11 digital audio figure 6. digital audio timing digital audio frame figure 7. digital audio frame format wsbd clbd dabdx daad t cw t cw t clbd t sod t sod table 14. timing parameters symbol parameter min typ max unit t cw clbd rising to wsbd change ns t sod dabdx valid prior to/after clbd rising ns t clbd clbd cycle time ns msb lsb (16 bits) lsb (20 bits) 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 msb wsbd (i2s) wsbd (japanese) clbd dabd damd
SAM9723 12 mechanical dimensions figure 8. 144-lead plastic lead quad flat pack table 15. package dimensions dimension min typ max a4.07 a1 0.25 a2 3.17 3.42 3.67 d 31.9 d1 28 e 31.9 e1 28 l 0.65 0.88 1.03 p0.65 b 0.22 0.38
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